The spatial relationships of Bufo woodhousei larvae were examined in the laboratory and field and compared with laboratory data for Xenopus laevis larvae. 1. Tadpoles of both species avoid positions directly in front of or behind neighbors. Bufo larvae demonstrate particularly strong preference for being directly lateral to conspecifics. Bearing relationships are different in light than in dark for Xenopus, but not for Bufo. 2. In the absence of other cues, Bufo and Xenopus tadpoles orient parallel to nearest neighbors under a variety of conditions of density, size, and in both the light and dark, although more strongly in the light. Bufo larvae show little tendency to orient antiparallel in contrast to Xenopus. Bufo typically parallelorient over greater distances than Xenopus, whether interactive distance is measured in number of nearest neighbors, centimeters, or tadpole body lengths. 3. Schooling tadpoles, in contrast to fish, tend to be relatively stationary and at random distances from their nearest neighbors.
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文章 : 英语