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Public and Popular Opinion --
Public Opinion Polls --
Why Do Public Opinion Polls Look Accurate? --
Push Polling --
The Tyranny of the Majority in American Democracy --
Worries of the Logic Textbooks --
Public Perceptions as Premises --
The Meaning of "Public Opinion" --
The Meaning of "Popular Opinion" --
The Difference Between Public and Popular Opinion --
The Problem with Arguments Based on Popular Opinion --
Inferences and Fallacies --
The Gore Vidal Case --
The Jury Deliberation Case --
The Golden Rule Case --
The Democratic Civilization Case --
The Falling Objects Case --
The Inquisition Case --
The Mark Antony Case --
Inflammatory Language --
How the Ad Populum Is Used to Manipulate Opinions --
Appeal to Expert Opinion --
The Standard Treatment --
Origins of the Ad Populum --
Early Modern Textbooks --
The Middle Period: 1935-1959 --
Multiplicity of Types: 1961-1968 --
Cracks in the Surface --
Broadening the Ad Populum --
The Dual Approach --
Multipliers --
The Unifying Form --
Summary of Developments --
Presumptions, Common Starting Points, and Public Judgment --
Bandwagon and Mob-Appeal Arguments --
Are Ad Populum Arguments Fallacious? --
Premise Adequacy of Dialectical Arguments --
Conflicts with Expert Opinion --
Common Starting Points --
The Status of Presumptions --
Presumptive Reasoning in Dialectical Arguments --
Popular Opinion and Common Knowledge --
Mass Opinion and Public Judgment --
The Two Faces of the Ad Populum --
The Old Dialectic --
Platonic Dialectic --
Aristotelian Dialectic --
Endoxic Premises. |
引证/输出
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