在线查找
与期刊/刊物的链接
在图书馆查找
正在查找有这资料的图书馆...
详细书目
| 文件类型： | 文章 |
|---|---|
| 所有的著者/提供者： | Tyrone Hayes; Kelly Haston; Mable Tsui; Anhthu Hoang; Cathryn Haeffele; Aaron Vonk |
| ISSN: | 0091-6765 |
| OCLC号码： | 480909386 |
| 语言注释： | English |
| 注意： | Figure 1. Map of the United States showing atrazine use based on sales (Battaglin and Goolsby 1995). The pink overlay shows the natural range for leopard frogs (R. pipiens) in the United States. Numbers indicate sites where water (for chemical analysis) and frogs (for histological analysis of gonads) were collected. Collection sites are numbered and correspond to site numbers used in Table 1. Reprinted from Hayes et al. (2002) with permission from Nature. Figure 2. Right testis of a control male leopard frog (R. pipiens) at metamorphosis. (A) The gonad is still attached to the kidney. White arrows show the position of transverse cross-sections shown in (B), the anterior section, and (C), the posterior section. Testicular lobules were well developed and the specimen had both primary spermatogonia and spermatids present. In general, testes were more differentiated (contained more distinct tubules and germ cells) anteriorly than posteriorly. R = rete testis. See "Materials and Methods" for details of histological analysis. Bar = 1.0 mm for (A) and (B) and 250 μm for (C). Figure 3. Right ovary from a control female. (A) The gonad is still attached to the kidney. The white arrow shows the position from which the transverse cross-section shown in (B) was taken. The ovary contains a large number of oocytes, and the ovarian cavity is visible. See "Materials and Methods" for details of histological analysis. Bar = 1.0 mm for (A) and 250 μm for (B). Figure 4. Gonadal dysgenesis in testis from a male R. pipiens treated with 0.1 ppb atrazine. (A) Testis fixed in Bouin's solution showing poor lobular development and gonads that are devoid of germ cells; bar = 250 μm. (B) Transverse cross-section taken from the area indicated by the arrow in (A); bar = 100 μm. See "Materials and Methods" for details of histological analysis. Figure 5. Lobed gonad from a male R. pipiens treated with 0.1 ppb atrazine. (A) Gonad fixed in Bouin's solution. Arrows show areas where transverse cross-sections were taken; bar = 250 μm. (B) Most anterior section; the testicular lobules are open and distinct and contain spermatids. (C) Center section, containing three lobules. (D) Most posterior section; well-developed lobules contain mostly spermatids, but one lobule is devoid of spermatids or spermatogonia and contains single large oocytes each. A single oocyte is seen in (D). Bar = 100 μm for (B-D). See "Materials and Methods" for details of histological analysis. Figure 6. Right lobed gonad of a treated male R. pipiens (0.1 ppb atrazine) with anterior testes and developing posterior ovary. (A) Gonad fixed in Bouin's solution; white arrows show areas where transverse cross-sections were taken. (B) Anterior portion is testicular, with lobules that contain spermatids; white arrows indicate lobules with spermatids. (C) Posterior portion of the gonad has large testicular oocytes. Bar = 250 μm for (A-C). See "Materials and Methods" for details of histological analysis. Figure 7. Left gonad of a treated male R. pipiens (0.1 ppb atrazine) with anterior testes and developing posterior ovary (same animal shown in Figure 6). (A) Bouin's-fixed section; bar = 250 μm. (B) Sagittal section of the left gonad, which is almost completely converted into an ovary. The entire posterior gonad is ovarian, and oocytes are beginning to grow in the anterior portion; bar = 250 μm. (C) Magnification of a small portion of the gonad [outlined by the box in (B] still contains testicular lobules, but the lobules lack germ cells; bar = 55.5 μm. See "Materials and Methods" for details of histological analysis. Figure 8. Gonads from a treated male R. pipiens (0.1 ppb atrazine) with vitellogenic testicular oocytes. (A) Bouin's-fixed section; bar = 250 μm. The posterior portion of the gonad is filled with oocytes that are protruding through the testicular lobules and can be seen on the surface of the gonad; white arrows show areas where transverse cross-sections were taken. (B) Transverse cross-sections showing that the anterior testis has poorly developed testicular lobules; the black arrowhead shows a tangentially sectioned oocyte. (C) and (D) Large vitellogenic oocytes in the posterior portion of the gonads. Bar = 250 μm for panels (B-D). See "Materials and Methods" for details of histological analysis. Figure 9. Frequency (percent) of gonadal abnormalities in males treated with atrazine in the laboratory. Figure 10. Habitats at collection localities where animals and water were collected for analysis. (A) Site 1, Juab County, Utah; (B) site 2, Cache County, Utah; (C) site 3, Carbon County, Wyoming; (D) site 4, Cherry County, Nebraska; (E) site 5, York County, Nebraska; (F) site 6, Polk County, Iowa; (G) site 7, Polk County, Iowa; and (H) site 8, Clinton County, Iowa. Detailed coordinates and descriptions of habitats are given in Table 1. Figure 11. Presence of atrazine and metabolites: atrazine, DIA, DEA, and DAC at sites 1-8 (A) and frequency (%) of gonadal abnormalities in males collected from the wild (B). Localities and descriptions of each site are listed in Table 1. Atrazine contaminant levels for each site are also indicated in (B). Atrazine was not detected at site 1, and data were not available for site 7. (B) is modified from Hayes et al. (2002) with permission from Nature. Figure 12. Gonad of a male R. pipiens from site 8 (Clinton, Iowa). (A) Left testis fixed in Bouin's solution. The white arrow shows the area where the transverse cross-section was taken; bar = 0.1 mm. (B) Transverse cross-section taken from the area indicated by the white arrow in (A). Well-developed testicular lobules with spermatids, and three lobules that contain both spermatids and a single large oocyte each; bar = 250 μm. See "Materials and Methods" for details of histological analysis. Figure 13. Gonad of a male R. pipiens from site 5 (York County, Nebraska). This animal displayed gonadal dysgenesis as seen in 28% of the animals from that locality. (A) Left testis fixed in Bouin's solution. White arrows show the areas where the transverse cross-sections were taken; bar = 0.1 mm. (B) Anterior and (C) posterior cross-sections; bar = 250 μm. This morphology was similar to that displayed by 36% of the animals exposed to 0.1 ppb atrazine in the laboratory. See "Materials and Methods" for details of histological analysis. Figure 14. Gonad of a male R. pipiens from Carbon County, Wyoming. (A) Gonad fixed in Bouin's solution; bar = 0.1 mm. (B) Transverse cross-section taken from the area indicated by the white arrow in (A); numerous testicular oocytes fill 100% of the testicular lobules. (C) Magnified view of the boxed area in (B) showing some lobules with as many as three oocytes; bar = 500 μm for (B) and (C). See "Materials and Methods" for details of histological analysis. (B) Reprinted from Hayes et al. (2002) with permission from Nature. Figure 15. Gonads of a R. pipiens hermaphrodite from Carbon County, Wyoming, undergoing what appears to be complete sex reversal. (A) Gonads (fixed in Bouin's solution) are becoming convoluted similar to an ovary. White arrows show the areas where the transverse cross-sections were taken; bar = 0.1 mm. (B) Anterior and (C) posterior transverse cross-sections reveal that the gonads contain numerous oocytes; bar = 250 μm. The animal has developed an ovarian cavity and lost its lobular structure. See "Materials and Methods" for details of histological analysis. Figure 16. Atrazine contamination along the Mississippi River from 1991 to 1992 (Goolsby and Pereira 1995). The horizontal axis shows months (February, April, June, August, October, and December) over 2 years. The dashed horizontal line shows the maximum contaminant level set by the U.S. EPA (3 ppb), and the red horizontal line shows the dose effective at producing hermaphrodites in the laboratory (0.1 ppb). The vertical red bars for each year show the timing of larval development for amphibians in each region. |
| 奖励： |
摘要：
Atrazine is the most commonly used herbicide in the United States and probably the world. Atrazine contamination is widespread and can be present in excess of 1.0 ppb even in precipitation and in areas where it is not used. In the current study, we showed that atrazine exposure (≥ 0.1 ppb) resulted in retarded gonadal development (gonadal dysgenesis) and testicular oogenesis (hermaphroditism) in leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). Slower developing males even experienced oocyte growth (vitellogenesis). Furthermore, we observed gonadal dysgenesis and hermaphroditism in animals collected from atrazine-contaminated sites across the United States. These coordinated laboratory and field studies revealed the potential biological impact of atrazine contamination in the environment. Combined with reported similar effects in Xenopus laevis, the current data raise concern about the effects of atrazine on amphibians in general and the potential role of atrazine and other endocrine-disrupting pesticides in amphibian declines.
标签
添加标签 目的是为 "Atrazine-Induced Hermaphroditism at 0.1 ppb in American Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens): Laboratory and Field Evidence".
争取是第一个！