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Distribution, Territoriality and Numbers of the Weasel Mustela nivalis in Relation to Prey Abundance
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Distribution, Territoriality and Numbers of the Weasel Mustela nivalis in Relation to Prey Abundance

著者: S Erlinge
版本/格式: 文章 文章 : 英语
刊登在:Oikos, 1974, vol. 25, no. 3, p. 308-314
数据库:JSTOR
提要:
Distribution and numbers were studied by capture-recapture. 319 captures were made, including 24 individual animals. Territoriality was examined by homing experiments, dominance tests, and removal. The distribution of weasels was uneven. Only two of the habitats examined were regularly exploited, viz. a spruce plantation and a replanted clearing. There was a seasonal change in distribution pattern. In late summer  再读一些...
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文件类型: 文章
所有的著者/提供者: S Erlinge
ISSN:0030-1299
OCLC号码: 482053167
语言注释: English
注意: Fig. 1. Distribution of weasels in autumn 1972.
Fig. 2. Homing experiments with two resident males A and B. Their return routes are indicated by broken lines. Points indicate trap sites. Dates of catches are given.
Fig. 4. Movements and stay of an adult male (A) in spring 1973. The habitats are designated as in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5. Frequented places (a small cross denotes a single capture) and movements of the adult male A during the trapping periods 25-30 March 1973 and 9-13 April 1973 in relation to the territory of a female. The habitats are designated as in Fig. 1.
Fig. 8. Catches of female weasels in spring 1973. Striped area means the territory of female K; the distribution of catches is shown in the upper right-hand corner (a cross denotes a single capture). Captures of females L and M in autumn 1972 are given. The habitats are designated as in Fig. 1.
Fig. 9. Distribution of weasels - five resident males and one temporary visiting male (♂) - in late summer and autumn 1973. The male territories are shown by the striped, stippled, and enclosed areas. The habitats are designated as in Fig. 1.
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摘要:

Distribution and numbers were studied by capture-recapture. 319 captures were made, including 24 individual animals. Territoriality was examined by homing experiments, dominance tests, and removal. The distribution of weasels was uneven. Only two of the habitats examined were regularly exploited, viz. a spruce plantation and a replanted clearing. There was a seasonal change in distribution pattern. In late summer and autumn some adult male weasels maintained territories. In spring the males were roving, staying only for short periods in limited areas. Distribution and numbers were closely related to the abundance of small rodents. Reproduction was absent one year in one of the habitats, when rodents were scarse. A calculated minimum density necessary for successful breeding was not found. Prey density was decisive for territorial establishment. Individual qualities were important in territorial defence. Two adjacent males demonstrating equal status of dominance and maintained the same territories for several months. The size and changes of two other males' ranges corresponded to the dominant-subordinate status of the individuals. Some individuals failed to defend a territory. /// Распределение и численность исследовали методом отлова-повторного отлова. Проведено 319 отловов, собрано 24 особи. Территориальность изучали опытами с поселением животных, тестами на доминирование и удалением животных. Распределение ласки неравномерно. Лишь два из исследованных местообитаний регулярно использовались, а именно сосновая посадка и засаженная вырубка. Установлены сезонные колебания в характере распределения. В конце лета и осенью некоторые взрослые самцы ласки находятся в пределах своих территорий. Весной самцы мигрируют, оставаясь лишь на короткое время на ограниченных участках. Распределение и численность тесно связаны с обилием мелких грызунов. В течение одного года животные не размножались в одном из местообитаний, где численность грызунов была очень низка. Рассчитанная минимальная плотность, необходимая для размножения, не установлена. Плотнось жертв была решающим фактором для определения границ территорий. Для защиты территорий имеют значение индивидуальные свойства животных. Два соседствующих самца с одинаковым статусом доминантности поддерживают одинаковые территории в течение нескольких месяцев. Размеры и изменения двух других участков самцов соответствовали их индивидуальному статусу в субординации диминантности. Некоторые особи не могут охранять свою территорию.

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