| 内容： |
Basic Concepts of Educational Research --
Introduction to Educational Research --
Empirical Versus Nonempirical Research --
Basic Versus Applied Research --
The Research Question --
Stating a Question --
Refining the Question --
Feasibility --
Clarity --
Significance --
Ethics and Research --
Protecting Participants From Harm --
Ensuring Confidentiality of Research Data --
Should Subjects Be Deceived? --
Variables and Hypotheses --
Relationships --
Variables --
Measured and Categorical Variables --
Independent and Dependent Variables --
Extraneous Variables and Constants --
Hypotheses --
Advantages and Disadvantages of Stating Questions as Hypotheses --
Directional Versus Nondirectional Hypotheses --
Reviewing the Literature --
Types of References --
Steps Involved in a Literature Review --
A Computer Search of the Literature --
An Example of a Computer Search --
Researching the World Wide Web --
Meta-Analysis --
Try a Literature Review of Your Own --
Instrumentation --
The Process of Instrument Development: An Example --
The Rating Scale --
Reliability and Validity --
The Observation Record --
More About Reliability and Validity --
Validity --
Reliability --
Checking Reliability and Validity --
More on Instrumentation --
The Structured Interview Schedule --
Ability Tests --
Projective Tests --
Locating a Suitable Instrument --
Developing Your Own Instrument --
Samples and Populations --
The Process of Selecting a Sample --
Samples Versus Populations --
Defining the Population --
Target Versus Accessible Populations. |
引证/输出
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