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Détails
| Format : | Livre |
|---|---|
| Tous les auteurs / collaborateurs : |
Ralph C Scott |
| ISBN : | 0314062602 9780314062604 |
| Numéro OCLC : | 33334854 |
| Notes : | Includes index. |
| Description : | xv, 560 p. : ill. (some col.), maps ; 28 cm. |
| Contenu : | The scope of geography. The discipline of geography. The geographical approach. Subdivisions of geography. The importance of geography. Fundamental geographical concepts. Regions. Temporal changes. The Earth as a system. The planetary setting. Planetary dimensions and motions. Large-scale motions. Small-scale motions. Formation of the Universe, Solar system, and Earth. Size and shape of the Earth. Direction. Magnetic north and south. Latitude and longitude. Geographic techniques. Geographic positioning. Determining geographical coordinates. The seasons. Cause of the seasons. Lengths of day and night. Time. Local time. Standard time. Determining time. Depicting and analyzing the Earth. Maps. Map misinformation. Remote sensing and computer mapping. Geographic information systems: a new tool for mapping and decision making. Earth's atmospheric envelope. Atmospheric origin and functions. Composition of the atmosphere. Nonvariable gases. Variable gases. Particulates. Vertical characteristics of the atmosphere. Weight, density and vertical extent. Are human activities depleting the Ozone Layer? Compositional layers. Thermal layers. The atmosphere, weather and climate. Air pollution: a global environmental problem. Energy flow and air temperature. Energy and temperature. Energy transfer process. The global energy balance. Characteristics of electromagnetic radiation. World temperature pattern and controls. Temperature scales. Applying the Lapse rate. Secondary temperature controls. World records of heat and cold. The uncertain Greenhouse effect. Air pressure and wind. Air pressure. Causes of air pressure variations. Global distribution of air pressure. Air pressure measurement. Wind. Factors controlling wind speed and direction. Wind measurement. General circulation of the atmosphere. Global surface wind belts. Traveling high and low pressure systems. Local and regional winds. California's Santa Ana winds. Upper-level winds. The impact of the Asiatic Monsoon. Atmospheric moisture. Phase changes of water. The hydrologic cycle. Evaporation. Humidity. Calculating humidity values. Condensation and sublimation: processes and products. Precipitation. Atmospheric stability. Precipitation measurement. World precipitation records. Snow belts of the Great Lakes. Weather systems. Air masses. Air mass formation and types. Air mass movement and modification. Secondary circulation systems of the middle and high latitudes. Anticyclones. Weather fronts. The summer of 1993 - a season of flood and drought. Frontal cyclones. Localized storm types of the middle and high latitudes. The weather map as a forecasting tool. The tornado superoutbreak of April 3 - 4, 1974. Tropical weather. General weather characteristics of the Tropics. Surviving the tornado. Weak tropical weather disturbances. Hurricanes. New eyes for the national weather service. Hurricane Andrew of 1992. Climates of the world. Climate classification. The collection and display of weather data. The low latitude climates. Tropical wet climate (Köppen Af and Am). The Köppen climatic classification system. Tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen Aw). Low latitude dry climate (Köppen BWh and BSh). The middle latitude climates. Dry summer subtropical climate (Köppen Csa and Csb). Humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa). Water shortages in California. Mid latitude dry climate (Köppen BWk and BSk). Marine climate (Köppen Cfb and Cfc). Humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa, Dfb, Dwa and Dwb). The high latitude climates. Subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc, Dfd, Dwc and Dwd). Tundra climate (Köppen ET). Polar climate (Köppen EF). Highland climates. Distribution. Climatic controls. The human impact on the climates of cities. Water on and beneath the earth's surface. Subsurface water. Soil water. Groundwater. Lakes. Geographic significance. Origins of lakes. The depletion of the Ogallala aquifer. Disappearance of lakes. Streams. Geographic distribution and significance. Temporal variations in stream flow. Measuring stream discharge. Human impact on stream flow. The ocean. Origin, distribution and extent. Physical and chemical characteristics. Nonpoint source water pollution in Colorado. Motions of the ocean waters. El Nino - an ocean current with worldwide climatic effects. Life-forms and ecosystems. Forms and functions of plants and animals. Photosynthesis and energy production. Animal evolution and characteristics. Biological communities. Ecosystems. Biogeographic distribution controls. Climatic influences. Topographic influences. Accessibility influences. Soil influences. Biotic influences. Human influences. Some conflicts in management of National Parks in the United States and Canada. The environmental consequences of acid rain. Distribution and characteristics of terrestrial biomes. Forest biomes. Tropical rainforest. Tropical semideciduous forest. Tropical scrub woodland. Subtropical broadleaf evergreen forest. Mediterranean woodland and scrub. Mid latitude deciduous and mixed forest. The Gypsy moth invasion of North America. Mid latitude evergreen forests. Northern coniferous forest. Grassland biomes. Savanna. Steppe. Prairie. Desert biomes. The Mesquite invasion of the American Southwest. Tundra biomes. Mountain biomes. The destruction of the world's tropical rainforests. Soils. Soil origin and characteristics. Soil color. Soil texture. Soil structure. Soil air and water. Organic matter in the soil. Soil chemistry. Soil horizons. Soil salinization - a growing problem in arid lands. Factors in soil development. Parent material. Relief. Organisms. Climate. Time. Soil classification and world soil orders. Soil classification systems. The soil taxonomy. World soil orders. North American agriculture and accelerated soil erosion. Landforms and earth materials. Basic concepts. Landform classification. Descriptive approach to landform study. Earth's interior. The core. The mantle. The crust. Rocks and minerals of the Earth's crust. Major categories of rocks. Geothermal heat as an energy source. Gold distribution and mining. Tectonic processes and landforms. Plate tectonics. Evidence for continental drift. Plate tectonics processes. Tectonic landforms. Diastrophism. California's Loma Prieta earthquake - a harbinger of greater earthquakes to come? Volcanism and volcanic landforms. Tsunami. Yellowstone - a volcanic hot spot with an explosive past and an uncertain future. The eruption of Krakatau volcano. Weathering, mass wasting and Karst topography. Weathering. Types of weathering. Global distribution of weathering activities. Mass wasting. Factors influencing mass wasting. Types of mass wasting. Karst topography. Cause and global distribution of Karst topography. Karst features. Karst-related hazards in expanding urban environments. Debris avalanches produced by Hurricane Camille. Fluvial processes and landforms. Geomorphic importance of streams. Causes and characteristics of stream flow. Drainage systems and patterns. Stream erosion, transportation and deposition. Fluvial landforms. Fluvial erosional features. Fluvial depositional features. International boundary changes along the Rio Grande. Changes in fluvial landscapes through time. Will the Mississippi change its course? Glacial and periglacial landforms. Glacier information and distribution. Present extent of glaciation. Glacial processes and features. Glacier motion. Glacier erosional processes and features. Glacier depositional processes and features. Alpine glaciers and associated landforms. Characteristics of Alpine glaciers. Alpine glacier erosional landforms. Alpine glacier depositional landforms. Recent glacier variations in the Patagonia Icefield, South America. Continental glaciers and the Pleistocene. The Pleistocene epoch. Landforms produced by continental glaciers. Earth's orbital geometry and climatic change. Indirect Pleistocene effects. The Periglacial environment. Location and general appearance. Major Periglacial features. A glacial catastrophe: the Spokane floods. Eolian processes and desert landscapes. The wind as a geomorphic agent. Wind sediment transport mechanisms. Eolian environments. Wind erosional processes and features. Wind depositional processes and features. Desert landscapes. Surface characteristics of deserts. Desert landform assemblages. The desert and off-road vehicles. The expanding deserts. Coastal landforms and seafloor topography. Coastal processes. Coastal landforms. Erosional features. Depositional features. Types of coasts. Retreating coasts. Advancing coasts. Compound coasts. Seafloor topography. The continental margins. The ocean basins. Seafloor metal factories. Barrier beach migration and coastal development. Metric and Imperial measurement equivalences. Weather map symbols. World Physical-Political map. |
| Responsabilité : | Ralph C. Scott. |
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