1. This is an original work based on primary sources.
2. It is an excellent comparative study of two prominent Pakistani Islamic scholars, Sayyid Abu'l A‘la Mawdudi, a radical Islamic revivalist, and Javed Ahmad Ghamidi, a moderate modernist, and deals with their divergent interpretations of major and fundamental concepts of Qur'an.
3. The author has succinctly argued that Mawdudi's method of the interpretation of the foundational sources of Islamic law to prove his worldview i.e. the use of jihad to establish Islamic world order is inconsistent, controversial and radical. On the other hand, Javed Ghamidi's understanding of religion and method of recovering the "original intentionality<sup>"</sup> of the original sources such as Qur'an and sunna, is systematic, consistent and precise and conducive to preserving the original spirit of the texts.
4. In view of the impact of Mawdudi's thought on the state policies of Pakistan and now on the global phenomenon of establishing an Islamic world order, the author critiqued and convincingly demonstrated that Mawdudi's interpretive approach and method of ijtihad were adopted for promoting his own worldview.
5. I recommend that Asif Iftikhar publish this study in the form of a monograph after carefully revising the manuscript and expanding his presentation of Mawdudi's and Ghamidi's divergent backgrounds, upbringing, performance on the public scene, intellectual makeup, and the objectives of their religious and ideological discourse. I would also note that after the unsettling event of 9/11/2002 in New York, and incessant discussion in the media and academia on jihad and the jihads, Mawdudi's position on the topic has gained wider global appeal. This excellent study is timely and should be published.
Sajida S. Alvi (Professor of Indo-Islamic History, McGill University, Montreal)
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