Computer organization and design : the hardware/software interface

Authors:David A. Patterson (Author), John L. Hennessy (Author)

Summary:The classic textbook for computer systems analysis and design, 'Computer Organization and Design', has been thoroughly updated to provide a new focus on the revolutionary change taking place in industry today: the switch from uniprocessor to multicore microprocessors

Edition:Fourth edition View all formats and editions

Genre:Textbooks

Physical Description:1 volume (various pagings) : illustrations ; 24 cm + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)

ISBN:

9780123744937, 9780080877594, 0123744938, 0080877591

OCLC Number / Unique Identifier:232002245

Subjects:

Computer architecture

Computer engineering

Computer interfaces

Computer organization

Datorarkitektur

Datorer och databehandling

Gränssnitt datorer och databehandling

Interfaces (Informatique)

Ordinateurs Conception et construction

Textbooks

Contents:

Preface

Computer Abstractions and Technology

(72)

Introduction

(7)

Below Your Program

(3)

Under the Covers

(13)

Performance

(13)

The Power Wall

(2)

The Sea Change: The Switch from Uniprocessors to Multiprocessors

(3)

Real Stuff: Manufacturing and Benchmarking the AMD Opteron X4

(7)

Fallacies and Pitfalls

(3)

Concluding Remarks

(1)

Historical Perspective and Further Reading

(1)

Exercises

(18)

Instructions: Language of the Computer

(148)

Introduction

(1)

Operations of the Computer Hardware

(3)

Operands of the Computer Hardware

(7)

Signed and Unsigned Numbers

(7)

Representing Instructions in the Computer

(8)

Logical Operations

102

(3)

Instructions for Making Decisions

105

(7)

Supporting Procedures in Computer Hardware

112

(10)

Communicating with People

122

(6)

MIPS Addressing for 32-Bit Immediates and Addresses

128

(9)

Parallelism and Instructions: Synchronization

137

(2)

Translating and Starting a Program

139

(10)

A C Sort Example to Put It All Together

149

(8)

Arrays versus Pointers

157

(4)

Advanced Material: Compiling C and Interpreting Java

161

(1)

Real Stuff: ARM Instructions

161

(4)

Real Stuff: x86 Instructions

165

(9)

Fallacies and Pitfalls

174

(2)

Concluding Remarks

176

(3)

Historical Perspective and Further Reading

179

(1)

Exercises

179

(43)

Arithmetic for Computers

222

(76)

Introduction

224

(1)

Addition and Subtraction

224

(6)

Multiplication

230

(6)

Division

236

(6)

Floating Point

242

(28)

Parallelism and Computer Arithmetic: Associativity

270

(2)

Real Stuff: Floating Point in the x86

272

(3)

Fallacies and Pitfalls

275

(5)

Concluding Remarks

280

(3)

Historical Perspective and Further Reading

283

(1)

Exercises

283

(15)

The Processor

298

(152)

Introduction

300

(3)

Logic Design Conventions

303

(4)

Building a Datapath

307

(9)

A Simple Implementation Scheme

316

(14)

An Overview of Pipelining

330

(14)

Pipelined Datapath and Control

344

(19)

Data Hazards: Forwarding versus Stalling

363

(12)

Control Hazards

375

(9)

Exceptions

384

(7)

Parallelism and Advanced Instruction-Level Parallelism

391

(13)

Real Stuff: the AMD Opteron X4 (Barcelona) Pipeline

404

(2)

Advanced Topic: an Introduction to Digital Design Using a Hardware Design Language to Describe and Model a Pipeline and More Pipelining Illustrations

406

(1)

Fallacies and Pitfalls

407

(1)

Concluding Remarks

408

(1)

Historical Perspective and Further Reading

409

(1)

Exercises

409

(41)

Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy

450

(118)

Introduction

452

(5)

The Basics of Caches

457

(18)

Measuring and Improving Cache Performance

475

(17)

Virtual Memory

492

(26)

A Common Framework for Memory Hierarchies

518

(7)

Virtual Machines

525

(4)

Using a Finite-State Machine to Control a Simple Cache

529

(5)

Parallelism and Memory Hierarchies: Cache Coherence

534

(4)

Advanced Material: Implementing Cache Controllers

538

(1)

Real Stuff: the AMD Opteron X4 (Barcelona) and Intel Nehalem Memory Hierarchies

539

(4)

Fallacies and Pitfalls

543

(4)

Concluding Remarks

547

(1)

Historical Perspective and Further Reading

548

(1)

Exercises

548

(20)

Storage and Other I/O Topics

568

(62)

Introduction

570

(3)

Dependability, Reliability, and Availability

573

(2)

Disk Storage

575

(5)

Flash Storage

580

(2)

Connecting Processors, Memory, and I/O Devices

582

(4)

Interfacing I/O Devices to the Processor, Memory, and Operating System

586

(10)

I/O Performance Measures: Examples from Disk and File Systems

596

(2)

Designing an I/O System

598

(1)

Parallelism and I/O: Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks

599

(7)

Real Stuff: Sun Fire x4150 Server

606

(6)

Advanced Topics: Networks

612

(1)

Fallacies and Pitfalls

613

(4)

Concluding Remarks

617

(1)

Historical Perspective and Further Reading

618

(1)

Exercises

619

(11)

Multicores, Multiprocessors, and Clusters

630

(2)

Introduction

632

(2)

The Difficulty of Creating Parallel Processing Programs

634

(4)

Shared Memory Multiprocessors

638

(3)

Clusters and Other Message-Passing Multiprocessors

641

(4)

Hardware Multithreading

645

(3)

SISD, MIMD, SIMD, SPMD, and Vector

648

(6)

Introduction to Graphics Processing Units

654

(6)

Introduction to Multiprocessor Network Topologies

660

(4)

Multiprocessor Benchmarks

664

(3)

Roofline: A Simple Performance Model

667

(8)

Real Stuff: Benchmarking Four Multicores Using the Roofline Model

675

(9)

Fallacies and Pitfalls

684

(2)

Concluding Remarks

686

(2)

Historical Perspective and Further Reading

688

(1)

Exercises

688

Appendices

Graphics and Computing GPUs

(1)

Introduction

(4)

GPU System Architectures

(5)

Programming GPUs

(13)

Multithreaded Multiprocessor Architecture

(11)

Parallel Memory System

(5)

Floating Point Arithmetic

(5)

Real Stuff: The NVIDIA GeForce 8800

(9)

Real Stuff: Mapping Applications to GPUs

(17)

Fallacies and Pitfalls

(4)

Concluding Remarks

(1)

Historical Perspective and Further Reading

Assemblers, Linkers, and the SPIM Simulator

Introduction

(7)

Assemblers

(8)

Linkers

(1)

Memory Usage

(2)

Procedure Call Convention

(11)

Exceptions and Interrupts

(5)

Input and Output

(2)

SPIM

(5)

MIPS R2000 Assembly Language

(36)

Concluding Remarks

(1)

Exercises

Index

(1)

The Basics of Logic Design

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Gates, Truth Tables, and Logic Equations

(5)

Combinational Logic

(11)

Using a Hardware Description Language

(6)

Constructing a Basic Arithmetic Logic Unit

(12)

Faster Addition: Carry Lookahead

(10)

Clocks

(2)

Memory Elements: Flip-Flops, Latches, and Registers

(8)

Memory Elements: SRAMs and DRAMs

(9)

Finite-State Machines

(5)

Timing Methodologies

(6)

Field Programmable Devices

(1)

Concluding Remarks

(1)

Exercises

Mapping Control to Hardware

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Implementing Combinational Control Units

(4)

Implementing Finite-State Machine Control

(14)

Implementing the Next-State Function with a Sequencer

(6)

Translating a Microprogram to Hardware

(4)

Concluding Remarks

(1)

Exercises

A Survey of RISC Architectures for Desktop, Server, and Embedded Computers

Introduction

(2)

Addressing Modes and Instruction Formats

(4)

Instructions: The MIPS Core Subset

(7)

Instructions: Multimedia Extensions of the Desktop/Server RISCs

(3)

Instructions: Digital Signal-Processing Extensions of the Embedded RISCs

(1)

Instructions: Common Extensions to MIPS Core

(5)

Instructions Unique to MIPS-64

(2)

Instructions Unique to Alpha

(2)

Instructions Unique to SPARC v.9

(3)

Instructions Unique to PowerPC

(2)

Instructions Unique to PA-RISC 2.0

(2)

Instructions Unique to ARM

(2)

Instructions Unique to Thumb

(1)

Instructions Unique to SuperH

(1)

Instructions Unique to M32R

(1)

Instructions Unique to MIPS-16

(3)

Concluding Remarks

Glossary

(1)