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"Some of the world's first refugee camps and concentration camps appeared in the British Empire in the late 19th century. Famine camps detained emaciated refugees and billeted relief applicants on public works projects; plague camps segregated populations suspected of harboring disease and accommodated those evacuated from unsanitary locales; concentration camps during the Anglo-Boer War, meanwhile, adapted a technology of colonial welfare in the context of war. Wartime camps in South Africa were simultaneously instruments of military violence and humanitarian care. While providing food and shelter to destitute refugees and disciplining and reforming a population cast as uncivilized and unhygienic, British officials in South Africa applied a developing set of imperial attitudes and approaches that also governed the development of plague and famine camps in India. More than the outcomes of military counterinsurgency, Boer War camps were registers of cultural discourses about civilization, class, gender, racial purity and sanitary pollution. Although British spokesmen regarded camps as hygienic enclaves, epidemic diseases decimated inmate populations creating a damaging political scandal. In order to curb mortality and introduce order, the British government mobilized a wide variety of disciplinary and sanitary lessons assembled at Indian plague and famine camps and at other kindred institutions like metropolitan workhouses. Authorities imported officials from India with experience managing plague and famine camps to systematize and rationalize South Africa's wartime concentration camps. Ultimately, improvements to inmates' health and well-being served to legitimize camps as technologies of liberal empire and biopolitical security"--Provided by publisher.Read more...
Introduction : Britain's empire of camps --
Concentrating the "dangerous classes" : the cultural and material foundations of British camps --
"Barbed wire deterrents" : detention and relief at Indian famine campus, 1876-1901 --
"A source of horror and dread" : plague camps in Indian and South Africa, 1896-1901 --
Concentrated humanity : the management and anatomy of colonial campus, c. 1900 --
Camps in a time of war : civilian concentration in southern Africa, 1900-1901 --
"Only matched in times of famine and plague" : life and death in the concentration camps --
"A system steadily perfected" : camp reform and the "new geniuses from India", 1901-1903 --
Epilogue : Camps go global : lessons, legacies, and forgotten solidarities.
"Some of the world's first refugee camps and concentration camps appeared in the British Empire in the late 19th century. Famine camps detained emaciated refugees and billeted relief applicants on public works projects; plague camps segregated populations suspected of harboring disease and accommodated those evacuated from unsanitary locales; concentration camps during the Anglo-Boer War, meanwhile, adapted a technology of colonial welfare in the context of war. Wartime camps in South Africa were simultaneously instruments of military violence and humanitarian care. While providing food and shelter to destitute refugees and disciplining and reforming a population cast as uncivilized and unhygienic, British officials in South Africa applied a developing set of imperial attitudes and approaches that also governed the development of plague and famine camps in India. More than the outcomes of military counterinsurgency, Boer War camps were registers of cultural discourses about civilization, class, gender, racial purity and sanitary pollution. Although British spokesmen regarded camps as hygienic enclaves, epidemic diseases decimated inmate populations creating a damaging political scandal. In order to curb mortality and introduce order, the British government mobilized a wide variety of disciplinary and sanitary lessons assembled at Indian plague and famine camps and at other kindred institutions like metropolitan workhouses. Authorities imported officials from India with experience managing plague and famine camps to systematize and rationalize South Africa's wartime concentration camps. Ultimately, improvements to inmates' health and well-being served to legitimize camps as technologies of liberal empire and biopolitical security"--Provided by publisher.
Reviews
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"Closely reasoned and meticulously researched . . . Aidan Forth makes a compelling argument for revisiting the imperial origins of the concentration camp and for reassessing its significance, not just within the context of the Anglo-Boer War but as a historical phenomenon that concerns and troubles us all." * Times Literary Supplement * "This erudite book is a brilliant contribution to our understanding of imperial modalities of domination and discipline through ostensibly humanitarian means." * Times Higher Education * "This is a fascinating account that describes the forces that created and maintained camp networks within the British empire without losing sight of the human suffering of those interned." * LSE Review of Books * "This provocative and ambitious new book . . . is admirably precise in establishing a historically grounded genealogy for camps . . . [it is] beautifully written history." * Journal of British Studies * "A work of exceptional synthesis that upends much of the received wisdom. . . . Barbed-Wire Imperialism shows us how remarkable and complex is the legacy of South Africa's concentration camps in the larger histories of the camp and internment, humanitarianism, and colonial counterinsurgency, and how deeply connected India was to the camp's wartime development." * African Historical Review * "Fascinating insight into why camps continued to be regarded as useful institutions long after the end of the Anglo-Boer War...[and] a fine illustration of transnational . . . transfer at work." * Journal of Interdisciplinary History * "An excellent original study whose significance goes beyond its empirical findings. In an exemplary way, [Forth] takes the imperial camp system as an interpretive prism to give the reader deeper insights into the British imperial mindset." * H-Net * "Firmly grounded in local contexts, but revealing of larger thematic and interimperial connections, Barbed Wire Imperialism is transnational history at its best." * Victorian Studies * "Extremely well-researched, and written in an engaging and lucid style, Forth's Barbed-Wire Imperialism provides an important contribution to British imperial historiography, as well as a crucial starting point for more nuanced examinations of the wider history of imperial Europe's culture of carceral confinement and encampment." * Journal of World History *Read more...
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