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<TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD>Introduction</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>1</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(17)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Who is so lucky?</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>3</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(5)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Anti-natalism and the pro-natal bias</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>8</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(5)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Outline of the book</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>13</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(3)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>A reader's guide</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>16</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(2)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD>Why Coming into Existence Is Always a Harm</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>18</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(42)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Can coming into existence ever be a harm?</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>18</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(10)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Lives worth living and lives not worth living</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>20</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(2)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Lives worth starting and lives worth continuing</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>22</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(6)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Why coming into existence is always a harm</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>28</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(32)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>The asymmetry of pleasure and pain</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>30</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(10)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Comparing existing with never existing</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>40</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(9)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Other asymmetries</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>49</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(8)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Against not regretting one's existence</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>57</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(3)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD>How Bad Is Coming into Existence?</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>60</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(33)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Why life's quality is not the difference between its good and its bad</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>61</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(3)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Why self-assessments of one's life's quality are unreliable</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>64</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(5)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Three views about the quality of life, and why life goes badly on all of them</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>69</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(19)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Hedonistic theories</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>70</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(3)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Desire-fulfilment theories</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>73</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(8)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Objective list theories</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>81</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(6)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Concluding comments about the three views</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>87</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(1)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>A world of suffering</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>88</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(5)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD>Having Children: The Anti-Natal View</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>93</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(39)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Procreation</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>93</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(9)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>No duty to procreate</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>94</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(1)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Is there a duty not to procreate?</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>95</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(7)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Procreative freedom</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>102</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(11)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Understanding the purported right</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>102</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(2)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Grounding the right on autonomy</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>104</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(1)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Grounding the right on futility</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>105</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(1)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Grounding the right on disagreement</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>106</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(2)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Grounding the right on reasonable disagreement</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>108</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(5)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Disability and wrongful life</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>113</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(11)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>The non-identity problem and the disability rights objection distinguished</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>114</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(1)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>The `social construction of disability' argument</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>115</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(2)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>The `expressivist' argument</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>117</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(1)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Responding to the disability rights arguments</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>118</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(4)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Wrongful life</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>122</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(2)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Assisted and artificial reproduction</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>124</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(4)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Reproductive ethics and sexual ethics</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>125</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(2)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>The tragedy of birth and the morals of gynaecology</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>127</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(1)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Treating future people as mere means</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>128</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(4)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD>Abortion: The `Pro-Death' View</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>132</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(31)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Four kinds of interests</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>135</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(5)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Which interests are morally considerable?</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>140</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(4)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>When does consciousness begin?</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>144</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(4)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Interests in continued existence</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>148</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(4)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>The Golden Rule</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>152</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(3)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>A `future like ours'</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>155</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(5)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Conclusions</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>160</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(3)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD>Population and Extinction</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>163</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(38)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Overpopulation</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>165</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(3)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Solving problems in moral theory about population</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>168</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(14)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Professor Parfit's population problems</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>168</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(4)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Why anti-natalism is compatible with Theory X</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>172</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(6)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Contractarianism</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>178</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(4)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Phased extinction</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>182</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(12)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>When decreasing population decreases quality of life</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>182</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(4)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Reducing population to zero</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>186</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(8)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Extinction</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>194</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(7)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Two means of extinction</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>195</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(1)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=80></TD><TD>Three concerns about extinction</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>196</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(5)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD>Conclusion</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>201</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(26)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Countering the counter-intuitiveness objection</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>202</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(6)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Responding to the optimist</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>208</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(3)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Death and suicide</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>211</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(10)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Religious views</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>221</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(2)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Misanthropy and philanthropy</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>223</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(4)</TD></TR><TR><TD>Bibliography</TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>227</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(8)</TD></TR><TR><TD>Index</TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>235</TD><TD></TD></TR></TABLE>

1 online resource (xi, 237 pages) : illustrations

Drawing on relevant psychological literature, the author shows that there are a number of well-documented features of human psychology that explain why people systematically overestimate the quality of their lives and why they are thus resistant to the suggestion that they were seriously harmed by being brought into existence

Better never to have been : the harm of coming into existence