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  E-mail Message: I thought you might be interested in this item at http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/799127306 Title: Le personnage du privé dans les oeuvres de Dashiel Hammett et de Raymond Chandler Author: Hervé Wattez; Bernard Toulet; Université de Limoges Publisher: [Lieu de publication inconnu] : [Éditeur inconnu], 1986. OCLC:799127306

  
  

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Le personnage du privé dans les oeuvres de Dashiel Hammett et de Raymond Chandler

Author:	Hervé Wattez; Bernard Toulet; Université de Limoges.
Publisher:	[Lieu de publication inconnu] : [Éditeur inconnu], 1986.
Dissertation:	Thèse de doctorat : Études anglophones : Limoges : 1986.
Edition/Format:	Thesis/dissertation : Thesis/dissertation : French
Summary:	LE MYTHE DU PRIVE OCCULTE LE PERSONNAGE TEL QU'IL A ETE CREE PAR LES FONDATEURS DU ROMAN DIT "NOIR": HAMMETT ET CHANDLER. CE PERSONNAGE A UNE DOUBLE ORIGINE : IL TIENT A LA FOIS DE SHERLOCK HOLMES ET DE NICK CARTER. SES METHODES S'OPPOSENT A CELLES DES HEROS DU ROMAN DE DEDUCTION. LA RAISON N'EST PLUS L'ARME PRIVILEGIEE DU DETECTIVE. ELLE CEDE LA PLACE A L'ACTION ET A L'INTUITION DU JOUEUR DE POKER. L'INTRIGUE N'EST PLUS L'ESSENTIEL. IL N'Y A PLUS DE "SOLUTION" ET L'ON DEBOUCHE SUR UNE "ETHIQUE DE L'ABSURDE". LE PORTRAIT DU PRIVE MET EN VALEUR SON COTE ANTI-HEROS, SA FACADE CYNIQUE AINSI QUE L'IDEALISME PROFOND QUE DISSIMULE CETTE FACADE. IL SE RAPPROCHE DU TOUGH GUY D'HEMINGWAY DONT IL PARTAGE LA MISOGYNIE. SON ROLE SOCIAL EST CLAIREMENT REACTIONNAIRE : IL CONTRIBUE A MAINTENIR LE STATU QUO SOCIAL EN PRESERVANT LA RESPECTABILITE DES CLASSES AISEES. C'EST UNE VISION "REALISTE" DE LA SOCIETE QUE NOUS PROPOSENT HAMMETT ET CHANDLER. EN CE SENS, ILS SORTENT DES LIMITES DU GENRE POLICIER POUR PENETRER DANS UN DOMAINE JUSQUE-LA RESERVE A LA LITTERATURE DITE "SERIEUSE". LA QUALITE DE LEUR ECRITURE LES FAISAIT EGALEMENT SORTIR DES LIMITES DE LA "SOUSLITTERATURE". HAMMETT EST LE CREATEUR D'UN STYLE DEPOUILLE A L'EXTREME. IL INAUGURAIT L'ESTHETIQUE DU PROCES-VERBAL. INFLUENCE PAR LE BEHAVIORISME, HAMMETT NOUS DECRIT DES COMPORTEMENTS ET UTILISE UNE TECHNIQUE DITE "EXTERIEURE". CHANDLER COMMENCE PAR S'ENGAGER DANS SES TRACES PUIS SE DEGAGE PEU A PEU DE SON INFLUENCE, EN REVENANT A UNE TECHNIQUE ROMANESQUE PLUS TRADITIONNELLE, PLUS CONFORME A SES AMBITIONS. EN EFFET, LE PERSONNAGE A EVOLUE DU CONTINENTAL OP A PHILIP MARLOWE. CETTE EVOLUTION S'EXPLIQUE PAR LA PERSONNALITE DE CHANDLER ET AUSSI PAR L'EVOLUTION DES CONDITIONS ECONOMIQUES ET SOCIALES. HAMMETT EST L'ECRIVAIN DE LA PROHIBITION ET DE LA PROSPERITE, CHANDLER EST L'ECRIVAIN DE LA GRANDE CRISE. AU CONTINENTAL OP, CYNIQUE, BRUTAL, NE CROYANT QU'AU CHACUN POUR SOI, A SUCCEDE L'ALTRUISTE ET CHEVALERESQUE MARLOWE. UNE SEMBLABLE EVOLUTION PEUT ETRE NOTEE CHEZ HEMINGWAY. THE MYTH OF THE PRIVATE EYE TENDS TO DISTORT OUR VIEW OF THE CHARACTER THAT WAS CREATED BY HAMMETT AND CHANDLER, THE FOUNDERS OF THE "HARD-BOILED" DETECTIVE STORY. THE PRIVATE EYE HAS A DOUBLE ORIGIN : HE IS BOTH SHERLOCK HOLMES AND NICK CARTER. HIS METHODS HAVE NOTHING TO DO WITH THE TRADITIONAL DETECTIVE'S IN SO FAR AS REASON AND LOGIC ARE NO LONGER HIS FAVOURITE WEAPONS. HE RESORTS TO ACTION AND TO THE POKER-PLAYER'S INTUITION. THE PLOT IS NO LONGER ESSENTIAL. NO "SOLUTION" CAN BE FOUND IN HAMMETT'S AND CHANDLER'S NOVELS. THE PORTRAIT OF THE PRIVATE EYE BRINGS INTO LIGHT BOTH HIS "ANTI-HERO" ASPECT, HIS CYNICAL POSE AND THE IDEALISM THAT THE POSE IS MEANT TO HIDE. HE RESEMBLES HEMINGWAY'S TOUGH GUY WHOSE MISOGYNY HE SHARES. HIS SOCIAL ROLE IS UNEQUIVOCALLY REACTIONARY SINCE HE CONTRIBUTES TO MAINTAINING THE SOCIAL STATUS QUO BY PRESERVING THE RULING CLASSES' RESPECTABILITY. HAMMETT AND CHANDLER PROVIDE US WITH A "REALISTIC" VISION OF AMERICAN SOCIETY. CONSEQUENTLY, THEY BROACH THEMES WHICH USED TO BE RESERVED FOR "SERIOUS" LITERATURE. THE QUALITY OF THEIR STYLE SET THEM APART FROM THE WRITERS OF ESCAPE LITERATURE. HAMMETT CREATED A STYLE WHOSE MAIN FEATURE WAS BALDNESS. INFLUENCED BY BEHAVIORISM, HAMMETT DESCRIBES BEHAVIOURS AND RESORTS TO AN "EXTERNAL" TECHNIQUE. FOR A TIME, CHANDLER WAS HIS "DISCIPLE" BUT GRADUALLY HE ABANDONED HAMMETT'S TECHNIQUE WHICH NO LONGER SUITED HIM. FOR THE CHARACTER OF THE PRIVATE EYE HAS EVOLVED FROM THE CONTINENTAL OP TO PHILIP MARLOWE. SUCH AN EVOLUTION CAN BE ACCOUNTED FOR BY CHANDLER'S BACKGROUND AND PERSONALITY BUT THE EVOLUTION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS MUST ALSO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT. HAMMETT WROTE MOST OF HIS BOOKS DURING THE PROSPERITY WHEREAS CHANDLER WROTE HIS AFTER THE GREAT DEPRESSION. THE CHIVALROUS AND ALTRUISTIC MARLOWE SUCCEEDED TO THE CYNICAL CONTINENTAL OP. A SIMILAR EVOLUTION IS TO BE FOUND IN HEMINGWAY'S TOUGH GUYS.  Read more...
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Subjects	ETUDES NORD-AMERICAINES ROMAN NOIR/DETECTIVE PRIVE/ANTI-HEROS/HAMMETT, DASHIELL/CHANDLER, RAYMOND
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