Saudi Arabia : national security in a troubled region

Saudi Arabia's Changing Strategic Dynamics

Strategic Dynamics

Security Dynamics

Dynamics of Extension and Terrorism

Economic, Demographic, and Political Dynamics

Strategic Chalenges

Uncertain Threat(s) from Iran

Iran's Conventional and Asymmetric Forces

Iran's Missiles and Nuclear Program

The Iranian Challenge: Containment, Hegemony or "Shi'ite Crescent"

Other Potential Iranian Threats

The Uncertain Future of Iraq

Planning for Best and Worst Cases

Saudi Views on Iran's Role in Iraq's Internal Affairs

Regional Insurgency: The Potential Spillover Effect

The Broader Threat from Foreign Fighters

Yemen and the Red Sea

The Yemeni Problem

Demographics, Poverty, and Instability

The Threat of Illegal Immigration

The Saudi Yemeni Border

Host and Breeding Group for Terrorism

Implications for Saudi Arabia and the Southern Gulf Region

Other Red Sea Challenges

Collective Security and Relations with the GCC

Military Cooperation

Cooperation in Counterterrorism

Redefining Partnership with the United States, The United Kingdom, and France

The Arab -Israeli Challenge

Terrorism and Counterterrorism

The Key Threat: Al Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula

Saudi Internal Security Before 9/11

Saudi Response to 9/11

The Impact of AQAP Attacks in May 2003

Socioeconomic Challenges

The Economic Challenge

The Demographic and Unemployment Challenge

Prospects for Saudi Stability

The Impact of the Changing Military Balance in the Gulf

Key Shifts Affecting the Gulf Balance

The Growth of Iranian Power and Influence in the Northern Gulf

The Impact of Iran-Iraq War

The Impact of Gulf War

The Impact of the Invasion of Iraq

Iran's Focus on Missiles and Asymmetric Warfare

Iran's Growing Asymmetric Forces

IRGC Quds Force

IRGC Naval Forces

Iran's WMDs and Missile Forces

Terrorism and Extremism, the Revolution in Military Affairs, and an Emeging Nuclear Threat

Shifts in Energy Exports

The Impact of Resources

Resources: Saudi and GCC Strength vs. Iranian Weakness

Saudi Cooperation with Other Gulf States

Priorities for Cooperation within the Southern Gulf

Saudi and Southern Gulf Cooperation with the United States

Key Issues in Force Development

"Snapshots" of Comparative Force Strength

Adapting to the Changing Nature of Military Power

The Strengths of Advanced Military Powers

The Vulnerabilities of Less Advanced Military Forces

The Threat of Asymmetric Warfare and Nonstate Actors

The Vulnerability of Conventional Military Power

Nonstate Actors as a Transnational Threat

The Saudi National SecurityApparatus

The National Command Authority

The Role of the Saudi National Security Council

The Role of the Saudi Armed Forces

Defence Posture, Doctrine, and Strategy

The Royal Saudi Land Forces (RSLFs)

The Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF)

The Royal Saudi Navy (RSN)

The Royal Saudi Air Defense Force (RSADF)

The Role of the Saudi Arabian National Guard

The Role of the Internal Security Forces

The Public Security Directorate (PSD)

The Special Emergency Force

The General Directorate of Investigation (GDI)

The General Security Services

The National Information Center

Al Haya

The Facilities Security Force

The Mujahideen

The Border Guard

The Coast Guard

The Special Security Force (SSF)

The General Intelligence Presidency

The Search for Jointness

Improving Jointness in the Regular Services

Establishing Jointness in Counterterrorism

The Importance of Consensus and Consultation

Saudi Military Spending and arms Imports

Saudi Military and Security Spending

Finding the Proper Level of Expenditure

Saudi Arms Imports

Arms Deliveries and Diversification

New Arms Agreements

The Arms Import Impact of the Gulf War

Arms Imports in the 1990s

Current Saudi Arms Imports

Saudi Military Manpower

Saudi Manpower Trends

The Royal Saudi Land Forces (RSLFS)

The Changing Regional Balance in Land Forces

Force Strength and Structure

Force Strength

Order of Battle and Deployments

Saudi Armed Forces

Tanks

Other Armored Fighting Vehicles

Armored Personal Carriers

Future Challenges

Saudi Antitank Weapon

Saudi Artillery

Saudi Light and Medium Air Defense Weapons

Saudi Land Forces Aviation

Facilities and Infrastructure

Improving Facilities and Infrastructure

Creating Nation and Gulf-Wide Development Capability

Finding the Right Mix of Contractor Support

Developing New RSLF Equipment Evaluation Capabilities

Overall Capabilities

Improving Training

Broader Issues

The Saudi National Guard

Strength and Organization

Regular Forces

Tribal or Fouji Forces

Major Combat Equipment

Mordanization and New Mission Requirements

Overall Capabilities

The Saudi Navy

The Changing Regional Balance

Strength and Organization

Combat Strength

Modernization Plans

Smaller Combat Ships, Mine Warfare, and Support Forces

Submarines

Marine and Amphibious Forces

Naval Aviation

Roles, Missions, and Capability

The Saudi Air Force

The Changing Regional Balance of Air and Air Defense Forces

Restoring Saudi Warfighting Capability

Strength and Structure

Combat Aircraft

Upgrades to RSAF Combat Aircraft

F-15 Sustainment Enhancement

Upgrading the RSAF Tornados

The Eurofighter Typhoon

Purchasing the Rafale?

Reconnaissance and Early Warning

Training Aircraft

Refueling, Transport, and Support

Munitions and Spares

Support, Training, Logistics, and Sustainment

Overall Capabilities

Saudi Land-Based Air Defenses

The Changing Balance of Air and Missile Defense

The Saudi Air Defense Force

The Portrait and the I-Hawk

Other Land-Based Air Defenses

Key Facilities

Overall Capabilities

Iran's Uncertain Threat, Saudi Missile Forces, and the Possibility of Saudi Weapons of Mass Destruction

The Uncertain Iranian Threat

Iran's Impact on the Regional Military Balance

The U.S. National Intelligence Estimate on Iran's Nuclear Forces

The Director of National Intelligence's Follow-Up to the NIE

A Continuing Process of Discovery

If Iran Becomes a Serious Nuclear Weapons Power

Saudi Interest in Acquiring Nuclear Weapons

Saudi Ballistic Missile Forces: Modernizing the CSS-2

The Saudi CSS-2 Force

Dubious Effectiveness

CSS-2 Replacement

Holding on to a "White-Elephant"

Missile Defences

NBC Defense Capabilities

An Uncertain Future

Saudi Arabia's Internal Security Forces

The Pivotal Role of the Ministry of Interior

The Police and Security Services

The General Security Services

The General Intelligence Presidency

The Changing Role of GIP

Changes in the GIP Leadership

The Future Role and Capabilities of the GIP

Border and Coastal Security

The Role of the Border Guard

Creating a Saudi Yemeni Border Surveillance and Defense System

Creating a Saudi-Iraqi Border Security System

The Saudi Coastal Forces or "Coast Guard"

Critical Infrastructure Protection and Saudi Facilities Security

Terrorist Threat to Energy Security

Accessing the Saudi Security Forces Performance at Abqaiq

The Commission for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice or Religious Police

Security and the Role of the Judicial System

U.S. Evaluations of Saudi Progress in Counterterrorism

The Saudi Institutional Approach to Counterterrorism

Fighting Terrorism at the Institutional Level

International Cooperation

Combating Terrorist Financing and Money Laundering

Regulating Charitable Organizations

Legal and Regulatory Actions to Combat Terrorism

Reeducating Reintegrating Saudi Terrorists

The Religious, Political, Economic, and Educational Aspects of Saudi National Security: "Soft" Counterterrorism

Religious Reform

Political and Governance Reform

Educational Reform

Economic Reform

Saudi Use of the Media

The Years to Come

Putting Saudi National Security in Perspective

Saudi Military Forces

Saudi Internal Security