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Genre/Form: | Thèses et écrits académiques |
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Additional Physical Format: | Les traceurs minéralogiques comme indicateurs de porphyres cuprifères dans les remplissages sédimentaires des bassins adjacents, désert d'Atacama, Chili / Héctor Orlando Pizarro Martínez Toulouse : Université Toulouse 3, 2019 1 vol. (335 p.) (ABES)249103567 |
Material Type: | Document, Thesis/dissertation, Internet resource |
Document Type: | Internet Resource, Computer File |
All Authors / Contributors: |
Héctor Orlando Pizarro Martínez; Sébastien Carretier; Eduardo Campos; Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier (1969-....).; Universidad del Norte (Chili).; École doctorale Sciences de l'univers, de l'environnement et de l'espace (Toulouse).; Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (2011-....). |
OCLC Number: | 1193989069 |
Notes: | Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. |
Description: | 1 online resource |
Responsibility: | Héctor Orlando Pizarro Martínez ; sous la direction de Sébastien Carretier et de Eduardo Campos. |
Abstract:
Porphyry copper deposits (PCDs) are linked to calk-alkaline magmatism produced in a convergent tectonic margin and resulted from the circulation of hydrothermal fluids derived from oxidized and water rich felsic magmas emplaced at shallow depths. During the evolution of the magmatic and hydrothermal systems, the fluid-rock interaction generates typical hydrothermal alteration minerals and can also modify or generates accessories minerals with different properties that can be associated at each stage of the evolution of the system, which could be distinguished by the physico and geochemical characteristics of the inherited accessory minerals (zircon), the modified minerals (apatite) or the newly formed minerals (Fe-Ti oxides). In the Atacama Desert hydrographic basins exposed along the western forearc are filled by gravel deposits which were derived from the erosion of the Domeyko Cordillera in response to the Eocene Incaic tectonic phase. It can be hypothesized that some of these basins contain mineralogical evidences that come from the denudation of porphyry copper mineralized systems located upstream. Therefore, the main goal of this thesis is to find magnetic, mineral and chemical evidences that will help to link the denudation of PCDs with sediments deposited in adjacent basins, mainly by using heavy minerals and magnetic signals as tracers contained in the sedimentary record. To test this relationship, I compare the rock-magnetic properties and physical and geochemical characteristics of minerals (zircon and apatite) in four selected DPCs located in Domeyko Cordillera (Chuquicamata, Mirador, Esperanza and Escodida), with the same characteristics in detrital sediment filling a close basin in the Centinela Mining District. In the studied PCDs, accessory minerals with distinctive physical and geochemical characteristics associated with metallogenic fertility were identified. In zircons, the most fertile samples correspond to these geochemical signatures: Hf > 8,750 (ppm), Eu/Eu* > 0.4, 10.000 x (Eu/Eu*)/Y > 1, (Ce/Nd)/ Y > 0.01, Dy/Yb < 0.3, Th/U < 1 - > 0.1), which can be linked to high oxidation state and high content of magmatic water in the magma. In apatite, the most relevant features indicating fertility are the green luminescence color and high Ca values and low content of trace elements, such as Mg, Na, Cl, which can be related to the evolution of hydrothermal fluids. Although the magnetic signal from DPCs is controlled by the presence of Fe-Ti oxides of hydrothermal and magmatic origin, their characteristics could not be used to differentiate the contribution of these two components. In the stratigraphic record there is a gravel deposit (Tesoro) which contains an important number of zircons and apatite which can be signaled as indicators of metallogenic fertility, that coincides with exotic-Cu mineralization and abundant clasts coming from different hydrothermal alteration zones related to PCDs. In the gravel deposits, a decrease in the magnetic susceptibility values from lower to upper levels is observed, which is mainly controlled by coarse-grain Fe-Ti oxides concentration of detritic origin. In the gravel deposits, rock magnetic properties are mainly controlled by Fe-Ti oxides concentration of detritic origin, where the highest concentration of Fe-minerals could be associated to arid climatic conditions and a rapid tectonically-controlled denudation, whereas the decline in concentration can be related to an aridification trend and/or sources changes.
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