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<TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD>Introduction</TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>1</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD>1. Ancient pre-Columbian Peru, Bolivia and Mesoamerica</TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>11</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>1.1 Canal systems of pre-Columbian Peru: the Chicama��Moche Intervalley Canal and the Moche intravalley irrigation system, 800-1450 CE</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>11</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>1.2 Tiwanaku raised field agriculture on the Pampa Koani, Bolivia, 600-1100 CE</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>84</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>1.3 Flood defensive systems of the Hoya Hondada aqueduct in the Jequetepeque Valley</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>111</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>1.4 The canal and terrace agricultural system of the Tiwanaku��Wari colonies in the Moquegua Valley, Peru, 300-1000 CE</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>124</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>1.5 The agricultural system of Caral��the oldest city of Peru, 3000 BCE</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>133</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>1.6 A mathematical model of hydraulic societies in Ancient Peru</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>151</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>1.7 Agricultural strategies and sustainability in pre-Columbian South America</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>184</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>1.8 The Maya Canal and agricultural system at Kaminal Juyu, Guatemala, 300 BCE-900 CE</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>223</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>1.9 Technical transfer considerations</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>237</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD>2. The Ancient Middle East</TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>244</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>2.1 The water supply and distribution system of the Nabataean City of Petra (Jordan), 300 BCE-300 CE</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>244</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>2.2 The inverted siphon at Aspendos, Turkey</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>278</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>2.3 The water supply and distribution system of Ephesos, Turkey</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>295</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>2.4 Water control devices in the Hellenistic city of Priene (Turkey), 300 BCE-100 CE</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>338</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>2.5 The reservoir and multiple sluice gate water release system at Roman Caesarea (Israel), 6 BCE-300 CE</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>350</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD>3. Ancient South-East Asia</TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>358</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>3.1 The Barays of Angkor Wat, Cambodia, 800-1432 CE</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>358</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>3.2 The irrigation and terrace rice cultivation systems of Bali, Indonesia, 1500-2005 CE</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>376</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD>4. Hydraulic Engineering and Water Management Strategies of Ancient Societies</TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>383</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>4.1 Old World, New World, and South-East Asian comparisons</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>383</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD>5. Environmental and Climate Perspectives on New World, Old World, and South-East Asian Societies' Achievements in the Hydraulic Sciences</TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>394</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>5.1 Final reflections</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>394</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>5.2 Lessons for the modern world</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>400</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD>Bibliography</TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>406</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD>Index</TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>421</TD><TD></TD></TR></TABLE>

viii, 424 pages : illustrations, maps ; 25 cm

Charles Ortloff provides a new perspective on archaeological studies of the urban and agricultural water supply and distribution systems of the major ancient civilizations of South America, the Middle East, and South-East Asia, by using modern computer analysis methods to extract the true hydraulic/hydrological knowledge base available to these peoples. His many new revelations about the capabilities and innovations of ancient water engineers force us to re-evaluate what was known and practiced in the hydraulic sciences in ancient times. Given our current concerns about global warming and its effect on economic stability, it is fascinating to observe how some ancient civilizations successfully coped with major climate change events by devising defensive agricultural survival strategies, while others, which did not innovate, failed to survive--Publisher

Water engineering in the ancient world : archaeological and climate perspectives on societies of ancient South America, the Middle East, and South-East Asia